SOVIET STUDIES, April 1990 How many victims in the 1930s? ALEX NOVE Numerous estimates of the demographic consequences of the collectivisation and of the Terror have been made in the West, and in the most recent years also in the Soviet Union. Estimates vary widely. This journal has published the dispute on this subject between Rosefielde and Wheatcroft. download non-OCR SOVIET STUDIES, April 1990 More light on the scale of repression and excess mortality in the Soviet Union in the 1930s S. G. WHEATCROFT In recent months especially there have been tremendous breakthroughs in the availability of archival material in the Soviet Union, and this new material casts considerably more light on several important aspects of Soviet demography in this period. download non-OCR SOVIET STUDIES, 1991 Excess Deaths and camp Numbers: Some Comments ROBERT CONQUEST I did not answer Stephen Wheatcroft's article in the April 1990 issue even though part of its declared purpose was to expose the errors of my 'literary' evidence as compared with his own 'professional, objective' approach. This was because I had every hope that the Soviet material would fairly soon discredit his supposedly weighty set of tables and this has, indeed, largely happened. download non-OCR SOVIET STUDIES, 1991 A Note on the Number of 1933 Famine Victims MICHAEL ELLMAN In a recent paper in this journal Wheatcroft estimated the number of victims of the 1932-33 famine at 4 to 5 million. The purpose of this note is to draw attention to new data whioch imply that the number was actually substantially larger. download non-OCR SOVIET STUDIES, 1992 On Sources: a Note MICHAEL ELLMAN In 1990-91 a discussion took place in this journal between Wheatcroft and Conquest about the relative merits of 'statistical' and 'literary' sources for the study of Soviet history. Of course Conquest was quite right in thinking that Soviet statistics were often very misleadning. download non-OCR SOVIET STUDIES, 1992 Glasnost' and the Gulag: New Information on Soviet Forced Labour around World War II EDWIN BACON In the past three years new information has been revealed by Russian scholars with regard to the Gulag system of forced labour. These data from the state archives concern the population of the Gulag, the demographic make-up of the inmates, conditions within the camps and the contribution to the Gulag to the economy of the USSR. download non-OCR AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW, October 1993 Victims of the Soviet Penal System in the Pre-war Years: A First Approach on the Basis of Archival Evidence J. ARCH GETTY, GABOR T. RITTERSPORN, and VIKTOR N. ZEMSKOV For the first time, Soviet secret police documents are available that permit us to narrow sharply the range of estimates of victims of the Great Purges. These materials are from the archival records of the Secretariat of GULAG, the Main Camp Administration of the NKVD/MVD. A few Moscow scholars (among them V. N. Zemskov) had access to some of them in the past but were not allowed to cite them properly. Now, according to the liberalized access regulations in Russian archives, scholars are able to consult these documents and to publish exact citations. download non-OCR SLAVIC REVIEW, Spring 1994 [Letter] To the Editor ROBERT CONQUEST Some material recently become available may serve to settle a controversy over the 1933 famine. [...] Tauger held that the famine was not concentrated Ukraine and Kuban', and especially not by government action; second he held that the government did not have the recources to prevent the famine. On both points I argued the opposite, citing evidence: but he rejected the evidence as not "official". [... Documents now available] should settle the matter. download non-OCR AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW, June 1994 [Letter] To the Editor ROBERT CONQUEST In general, the material presented in [Victims of the Soviet...] is of interest and a partial contribution to our knowledge. But there is much to consider outside the contributors' limited documentation, and their work does not warrant the claims implied. download non-OCR EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES, 1994 Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: A Note MICHAEL ELLMAN, S. MAKSUDOV The number of Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War was one of those crucial historical numbers that were grossly distorted in the Soviet historical writing prior to glasnost'. download non-OCR SLAVIC REVIEW, Autumn 1995 Stalin, Grain Stocks and the Famine of 1932-1933. R. W. DAVIES, M.B. TAUGER AND S. G. WHEATCROFT The impact of the first revelations about grain stocks has been dramatic. On the basis of a preliminary, unpublished typescript by the eminent Russian historian V. P. Danilov, Robert Conquest has announced that the archives have revealed that in the famine year of 1932-1933 Stalin was holding immense grain stocks, the existence of which was previously completely unknown. download non-OCR EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES, September 1996 Stalinism in Post-Communist Perspective: New Evidence on Killings, Forced Labour and Economic Growth in the 1930s STEVEN ROSEFIELDE Enhanced access to the Soviet and Russian archives under Gorbachev and El'tsin has shed fresh light on the scale of repression in the USSR during the 1930s. New evidence has been unearthed on NKVD sentences, prisoners in jails, Gulag camps and colonies; exiles, executions, custodial deaths, the 1937 and 1939 census populations, the supressed mortality rate in the famine year 1933, and other missing vital statistics. download non-OCR EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES, December 1996 The Scale and Nature of German and Soviet Repression and Mass Killings, 1930-45 STEPHEN WHEATCROFT One of the major questions facing the historians of both the Soviet Union and of Germany is to explain how the governments of these countries could engage in mass repression and mass killings that arose in both their countries at almost the same time. download non-OCR EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES, May 1997 A Further Note of Clarification on the Famine, the Camps and Excess Mortality STEPHEN G. WHEATCROFT Fortunately scholars seldom have to worry about seeing their unpublished work extensively cited in publications of others. There is a convention that you do not plunder other people's unpublished conference papers without their consent. Steven Rosefielde does not follow such conventions, and his action in this case is particularly annoying. download non-OCR EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES, November 1997 Victims of Stalinism: A Comment ROBERT CONQUEST For all its impressive-looking tabulations, Wheatcroft's article, while making an occasional good point, is fundamentally flawed. His claim to present the true, 'archival' totals for the victims of Stalinism is fallacious. He has simply accepted Kruglov's report, for no apparent reason, and incorporated the Shvernik report, at the same time using the Zemskov figures for Gulag. These are in any case incompatible. download poor OCR EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES, March 1999 Victims of Stalinism and the Soviet Secret Police: The Comparability and Reliability of the Archival Data - Not the Last Word STEPHEN G. WHEATCROFT Conquest's comments on my latest article in this journal raises some important questions for our profession. Are we going to progress in our level of understanding? Are we going to respond positively to the new circumstances in which large amounts of detailed archival materials are available? Are we going to try to critically assess the reliability of these data? Are we going to try to provide credible indicators of the Soviet experience that we can compare with other societies? download EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES, September 1999 Wheatcroft and Stalin’ s Victims: Comments JOHN KEEP Wheatcroft's latest article in this journal on the number of Stalin’ s victims reproduces some familiar statistics in an improved form but leaves one regretting that research into this difficult but essential question has not yet advanced far beyond the point reached in the early 1990s, when these figures first appeared in print. download EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES, December 1999 Comment on Wheatcroft ROBERT CONQUEST Wheatcroft seems to regard his recent intemperate, and not very coherent, piece as a massive refutation of Conquest. Massive, yes - if you include repeated imputations of motive and other matters the serious reader will have skipped... But refutation, no. download EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES, September 2000 The Scale and Nature of Stalinist Repression and its Demographic Significance: On Comments by Keep and Conquest S. G. WHEATCROFT This journal has recently published two comments on my article on the comparability and reliability of the archival data on the victims of Stalinism and the Soviet secret police. The first comment, by John Keep, agreed on the importance of assessing the scale of Stalin’s repression and did make some important points regarding the available data on this topic. Keep’s comments deserve serious consideration and I will address them below. The second comment, by Robert Conquest, was very different. It did not add anything substantial concerning the question of the reliability of the archival data. download EUROPE-ASIA STUDIES, November 2002 Soviet Repression Statistics: Some Comments MICHAEL ELLMAN Recently a debate took place in this journal about the accuracy and meaning of Soviet repression statistics. The present article discusses five aspects of these statistics: releases from the Gulag, repression deaths in 1937–38, ubyl’, the relationship between stocks and and flows, and the total number of repression victims. download